CXH.ME

The Initialization Order Of Class Member Variables

 
  • Apr 09, 2012

title: 关于类成员变量初始化顺序 author: Harry Chen key: the-initialization-order-of-class-member-variables layout: article —-

java和C#语言里类变量初始化的顺序是

  1. 类成员变量初始化先于类的构造函数
  1. 静态成员变量先于实例变量
  1. 父类成员变量先于子类成员变量 C#相反
  1. 父类构造函数先于子类构造函数

举一个java的例子:

:::java
class Base
{
    public static Test a=new Test("a");
    public static Test b;
    public Test c=new Test("c");
    public Test d;
    static
    {
        b=new Test("b");
    }
    public Base()
    {
        d=new Test("d");
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Derived();
    }
}
class Derived extends Base
{
    public static Test da=new Test("da");
    public static Test db;
    public Test dc=new Test("dc");
    public Test dd;
    static
    {
        db=new Test("db");
    }
    public Derived()
    {
        dd=new Test("dd");
    }
}

class Test
{
    public Test (String name) {
        System.out.println(name);
    }
}

运行结果是：

a
b
da
db
c
d
dc
dd

C++中没有成员变量定义时初始化的方式，所以有如下几条：

  1. 构造函数初始化列表的变量优先于构造函数（至少明显的写在前面）

  2. 静态成员变量先于实例变量

  3. 父类成员变量先于子类成员变量

  4. 父类构造函数先于子类构造函数

举一个例子：

:::cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Test
{
public:
    Test(string n)
    {
        cout<<n<<endl;
    }
};
class Base
{
public:
    static Test* a;
    Test* b;
    Test* c;
    Base():b(new Test("b"))
    {
        c=new Test("c");
    }
    virtual ~Base()
    {
        if(a) delete a;//似乎是很欠妥的做法
        if(b) delete b;
        if(c) delete c;
    }
};
Test* Base::a=new Test("a");
class Derived:Base
{
public:
    static Test* da;
    Test* db;
    Test* dc;
    Derived():db(new Test("db"))
    {
        dc=new Test("dc");
    }
    ~Derived()
    {
        if(da) delete da;//似乎是很欠妥的做法
        if(db) delete db;
        if(dc) delete dc;
    }
};
Test* Derived::da=new Test("da");

void main()
{
    Derived d;
}

结果是：

a
da
b
c
db
dc

另外需要注意一点：析构函数是先子类再父类的，而且虚析构函数也是面试笔试经常考的问题。

Search